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Link and Medium Access Protocols, IEEE 802 standards, Performance Issues Link Protocol A link protocol, also known as a data link protocol or link layer protocol, operates on the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model.  Its primary functions include framing, error detection and correction, flow control and addressing.  Link protocols are responsible for packaging higher-level data into frames that can be transmitted over a physical medium. Common examples of link protocols include Ethernet  -  Ethernet एक LAN technology है जिससे आप computers को आपस में connect कर सकते है और एक Local Area Network बना सकते है। Ethernet का standard नाम IEEE 802.3 है। HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control) -   Network Points या Nodes  के बीच डेटा संचारित करने के लिए Data Link Layer के Communication Protocols का एक समूह है। चूंकि HDLC एक Data Link Protocol है इसलिए Data Frame में Organized होता है। HDLC Protocol को ISO द्वारा Point to Point Data Links पर इस्तेमाल करने के ल...

LAYERING AND PROTOCOLS Layering , in the context of networking and communication systems, refers to the organization of complex systems into multiple, hierarchical layers, each with specific functions and responsibilities. This concept is essential for modular design and interoperability. The most common layered model in networking is the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model, which has seven layers:  PROTOCOLS Protocols are a set of rules and conventions that determine how data is exchanged and communicated between devices or systems.  They provide a standardized way for various entities to understand and interact with each other. Protocols operate at specific layers of the network stack, ensuring that each layer's functionality is well-defined and can operate independently of the layers above and below. INTERNET PROTOCOLS HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) -Used for transmitting web pages and other resources over the World Wide Web. HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Sec...

NETWORKING ARCHITECTURE A Computer Network is interconnection between two or more computers. UNIT - 1 NETWORK ARCHITECTURE THESE ARE FOLLOWING CHAPTERS IN NETWORKING ARCHITECTURE ... CHAPTER-1  LAYERING & PROTOCOLS CHAPTER-2  OSI MODEL & INTERNET ARCHITECTURE CHAPTER-3 NETWORK TOPOLOGY CHAPTER-4 LINK & MEDIUM ACCESS PROTOCOLS, IEEE 802 STANDARDS,  PERFORMANCE ISSUES CHAPTER-5 NETWORK ADAPTORS CIRCUIT CHAPTER-6 SWITCHING - PACKET SWITCHING CHAPTER-7 INTERNETWORKING - BRIDGES - INTERNET PROTOCOL - ADDRESSING - ROUTING PROTOCOLS CHAPTER-8 UDP - TCP - CONGESTION CONTROL - PRESENTATION ASPECTS UNIT-2 APPLICATIONS & NETWORK MANAGEMENT UPDATING SOON...